About Dog Breeds

Swedish Lapphund

AKA – Lapphund, Lapland Spitz, Lapplandska Spets
Size – small to medium
Ease of training – medium
Grooming – brush
Shedding – frequent
Exercise needed – vigorous
Energy level – high
Protection –hunting dog
Good with children – The dog would be a good companion of the children especially if it was brought up with the kids.
Health clearances – This breed would prefer to be an outdoor dog. The all-weather coat protects the dog from cold or hot weather.

Swedish Lapphund Temperament

Like all Spitz dogs in general, the Swedish Lapphund demands a stable upbringing along with regular mental and physical stimulation to perform at its best.  As a working dog they show their versatility in a number of different fields.  Many compete with success in such widely different disciplines as obedience, agility, working contest, freestyle/heelwork to music, rally obedience and blood tracking.  The breed also has a number of certificated search and rescue dogs and army dogs. The Swedish Lapphund is also a very multifaceted hunting dog, mainly used for hunting elk and forest birds, but also deer, wild boar and bear. It is also a skilled tracking dog in searching for wounded or killed game. In addition to their versatility as working animals, the breed is also extremely popular as a competitive show dog.

In Sweden dogs have their temperament tested by a system called mentalbeskrivning. Results for the Swedish Lapphund show a curious, intrepid, and friendly breed, which is playful and non-aggressive. They are easy trained, strong, and very devoted to their family. Early training is essential to prevent excessive barking.  In general the Lapphund is a friendly, outgoing and devoted dog. They are protective of their homes; no intruder will ever go unheard. Lapphunds get on extremely well with children, make good family pets and like to be included in all family activities. However if they are left to their own devices they can be very vocal, and if their minds are not exercised (similar to the Border Collie), then they can be destructive.  The Lapphund is well known for digging, so don’t leave them unsupervised outside. Sympathetic training is a necessity.  They are very tolerant of children, but as with all pets, children should NEVER be left alone, however trustworthy your friend may be.  Please note that you should not intend to get one of these delightful dogs if there is not someone or another to be a constant companion. THESE DOGS DO NOT LIKE BEING KEPT AWAY FROM THE FAMILY and doing so risks the dog getting so desperate to be with you that it may get destructive.
Swedish Lapphund Appearance
The Swedish Lapphund is a typical Spitz. It is rectangularly built, slightly under medium size with a good carriage.  It moves effortless with drive, light, springy and covering ground.  Despite that they are gifted with a dense and long, shining coat, they are very easy to groom.  Some brushings when the coat is shedding is enough to keep the coat in good condition.  The special coat does not smell doggy and is cleans itself from dirt.  So it is really easy maintained.  The coat color is black or bear brown and may have white marks on tail, chest and feet.   It has a profuse double coat with hair standing straight out from the body while the undercoat is dense and very finely curled.

Swedish Lapphund Grooming

Grooming is very similar to a Samoyed as on appearance they look like a black miniature.  A daily brush is essential to maintain a shiny coat and to maintain the bond between you and your friend.   As with Samoyeds this breed has a double coat and the undercoat is shed twice a year.   The coat appears semi waterproof and as such dirt will brush off when the coat is dry.   The Lapphund has a lovely shiny coat and when groomed regularly is something to be proud of.

Health Problems and Life Expectancy

The Swedish Lapphund is thought to be a healthy breed.   No specific breed diseases are said to be associated with them.   Because they are so rare, popularity and overbreeding have yet to take a toll on their health, but it’s a good idea to ask breeders about the incidence of hip dysplasia and eye problems since those are common in many different breeds.   Lapphunds have a life expectancy of 12-13 years.

Swedish Lapphund History

The Swedish Lapphund has its origins among the ancient hunting tribes of northern Scandinavia, from the land that the Sámi people call Sapmi.  One assumes that the Lapphund followed the first Sámi, who migrated to Scandinavia in the neolithic era, about 9,000 BCE.  In Sámi mythology it is said that the Lapphund sought the post of worker amongst the Sámi people in exchange that it would always be well-treated.

The Lapphund has been used mainly for hunting and guarding, but studies have also shown that during the Stone Age, dogs were kept as pets.  When the Sámi people started to keep domestic reindeer in the mid-18th century, the Lapphund’s repertoire was expanded to include herding.  Historians and archaeologists have long agreed that the Swedish Lapphund has an ancient ancestry–a belief supported by the fossil record.  Advancing gene technology has also shown that the breed is old and carries some genetic origins unique or very rare among currently existing breeds.

Hard work in the barren landscape of northern Scandinavia has created a very resilient breed. The shifting climate demands a weatherproof coat that is easy to maintain. The rough terrain and the varied work demand a dog with endurance, agility, intelligence and independence. The resulting Swedish Lapphund is a well-rounded working dog, well suited both for work as a farm, hunting, and herding dog, and as a pet.

Sussex Spaniel

AKA – Sussex
Size – small to medium
Ease of training –  medium
Grooming – brush
Shedding – frequent
Exercise needed –  vigorous
Energy level – high
Protection –hunting dog
Good with children – The dog would be a good companion of the children especially if it was brought up with the kids.
Health clearances – This breed would prefer to be an outdoor dog. The all-weather coat protects the dog from cold or hot weather.

Sussex Spaniel Temperament

The Sussex Spaniel is a breed of dog developed in Sussex in southern England. It is a low, compact spaniel and is similar in appearance to the Clumber Spaniel. They can be slow paced, but can have a clownish and energetic temperament.   Matching his somber, almost frowning expression, the Sussex Spaniel is calmer and steadier than most other spaniels, though he does conceal a dry sense of humor.  This long, low, heavyset dog is rather phlegmatic indoors, but loves the outdoors and will bound through the fields in search of lurking creatures.

The Sussex Spaniel is aloof with strangers and sometimes even protective (very unusual for a spaniel). But once guests are accepted, he becomes polite, even charming — as long as he has been well-socialized.  Sussex Spaniels can also be pushy with strange dogs (again, unusual for a spaniel). His tendencies toward dominance and stubbornness require a consistent owner who knows how to lead and who will use positive, upbeat training methods. This proud dog will stand up for himself if handled sharply or teased.  Finally, the Sussex Spaniel is noted for being one of the most vocal of the spaniels, tending to bark and howl, especially if left alone too much. And he can be slow to housebreak.
Sussex Spaniel Appearance
The Sussex Spaniel is a low compact spaniel similar in appearance to a small, dark Clumber Spaniel. It is normally no taller than 13–15 in (33–38 cm) at the withers and the usual weight range is between 35–45 lb (16–20 kg) with a roughly rectangular appearance. The Clumber Spaniel meanwhile is normally between 17–20 in (43–51 cm) high at the shoulder, and weighing 55–85 lb (25–39 kg).

One of the noticeable features is their golden liver-colored coat which is unique to the breed. Historically however, there have also been examples of both black and sandy colored Sussex Spaniels. The coat is thick (sometimes with a slight wave to it), feathering on the chest, legs and ears and consists of a weather resistant undercoat with a silky outer coat. The eyes are hazel in color. The silky ears are lobe-shaped typical of the Spaniel, and set moderately low

Sussex Spaniel Grooming

Sussex Spaniels are large, sturdy dogs with a calm disposition. They are passionate about the hunt and sometimes bay when hunting. They are the only spaniel that is known to do this. Sussex Spaniels have a coat that is either flat or a bit wavy and is golden-liver colored. Much of the lower body is feathered on this breed. They need a full grooming every 8 to 12 weeks.

Brush the thick coat with slicker brushes, pin brushes and steel combs. Brush regularly to prevent tangling of the fine coat.  Trim stay hairs on the feet and between the pads of the feet with scissors. Trim hairs below the ears, which can grow excessively long. Leave the small tufts of hair which grow between the toes.  Check the ears regularly and clean them to prevent wax buildup. If you don’t monitor the condition of the ears, an ear infection or inflammation can develop. Pluck any long hairs you find growing in the ear canals.  Check the teeth regularly when your Sussex Spaniel is a puppy to ensure that new teeth aren’t pushing older ones out of the way, since this can result in crooked and unhealthy teeth.

Health Problems and Life Expectancy

The breed is generally healthy with an average life span of 11–12 years. Hip dysplasia, a genetic malformation of the hip joint, may be a concern but because of the breed’s compact nature is not often seriously debilitating. Surveys conducted by the Orthopedic Foundation For Animals showed that 41.5% of Sussex Spaniels were affected by Hip Dysplasia, and the breed was ranked 9th worst affected out of 157 breeds. They suffer from health conditions common to spaniels and some large dogs, as well as a specific range of heart conditions and spinal disc herniation.

Another common condition is otitis externa, which is common to a variety of spaniels, including the Cocker Spaniel as the long floppy ears trap moisture, making them prone to recurrent infections rather than dogs with more upright ears. This is the term for outer ear infections, which can be caused by a variety of reasons including mites, ear fungi and generally dirt and germs. Treatment is relatively simple and can range from prescribed antibiotics to over-the-counter ear cleaning liquids.  Whelping sometimes presents difficulties and requires caesarean section for successful delivery of the puppies

Heart conditions – conditions in the Sussex Spaniel can include pulmonary valve stenosis, which is the most common of the congenital heart defects. Essentially, in an animal with this condition, the pulmonary valve is improperly formed which causes the heart to work much faster to pump blood around the body. The final results of this condition can be swelling of fluid in the chambers of the heart, thickening of the heart muscle known as ventricular hypertrophy leading to eventual heart failure.

Patent ductus arteriosus also appears in the breed.] It is a condition where a small blood vessel connecting two major arteries does not close following birth. It can cause complications as it is positioned to allow the blood flow to bypass the lungs. It also appears in American Staffordshire Terriers.

A heart condition uncommon to the breed is tetralogy of Fallot, which is more common in the Keeshond and English Bulldog breeds relatively. It is actually a combination of up to four conditions, including the previously mentioned pulmonary valve stenosis, with a secondary condition of right ventricular hypertrophy. The other conditions are ventricular septal defect which is a defect or hole in the wall of the heart between the two ventricles and the aorta which carries the blood from the left to the right side of the heart can be mis-positioned. The effect on the dog depends on the severity of the condition, and can range from a heart murmur through to reduced activity levels to death. Symptoms in puppies are generally a failure to grow and a reduced tolerance for exercise. Active treatment is effective in around 50% of cases.

Intervertebral disc syndrome – Also commonly called spinal disc herniation, this is where the Intervertebral disc bulges or ruptures into the vertebral canal where the spinal cord resides. When the cord is compressed, the dog can experience symptoms ranging in scope from mild back or neck pain to paralysis of limbs, loss of sensation, and loss of bladder or bowel control. It is most commonly seen in the mid-back area, but can occur anywhere along the spine. Mild cases that do not result in paralysis can be treated medically by confining the animal in a crate to restrict movement to a minimum for several weeks, which can be accompanied by pain medication. Surgery can restore sensation to a dog’s legs following paralysis but the success rate depends on how severe the herniation was.

Sussex Spaniel History

In 1795, Mr. Fuller of Rosehill Park, Hastings in East Sussex, England began breeding gun dogs to work in districts where the terrain was rough and the undergrowth very dense which meant that a spaniel was needed which could give tongue or to alert the hunter on his quarry. Fuller crossed various breeds such as the liver and white Norfolk Spaniel (now extinct), the Field Spaniel, and possibly some early Springer Spaniels. The Sussex was bred specifically to inherit the barking ability that was not common in most Spaniel breeds during this era.

The Sussex Spaniel was one of the first ten breeds admitted into the stud book by the American Kennel Club in 1884, but lost what little popularity it had achieved in the 1940s. During World War II, breeding was discouraged but the Sussex saved from extinction by English breeder Joy Freer. All modern Sussex Spaniels are descended from the dogs she saved. In 1947, only 10 Sussex Spaniels were registered in the English Kennel Club.

In 2004 the breed was identified as a Vulnerable Native Breed by Kennel Club of Great Britain which are described as having annual registration figures of less than 300 per year. In 2008, only 56 puppies were registered.  In 2009 a Sussex Spaniel named “Clussexx Three D Grinchy Glee,” call name “Stump,” won best in show at the 133rd Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. At 10 years old, Stump is the oldest dog to win this title.

The breed is more popular in the United States than any other country. It is recognised by the Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, American Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, and the American Canine Registry.

Swedish Vallhund

AKA – Spitz of the West Goths, Swedish Cattle Dog, Swedish Cattledog, Swedish Shepherd, Västgötaspets, Vall, Vallhund, Viking Dog
Size – small
Ease of training – medium
Grooming – brush
Shedding – frequent
Exercise needed – vigorous
Energy level – high
Protection –tends to be a barker, but that makes him a good watchdog
Good with children –does well with children that are kind to him
Health clearances – This breed would prefer to be an outdoor dog. The all-weather coat protects the dog from cold or hot weather.

Swedish Vallhund Temperament

The fun loving Swedish Vallhund is an awesome companion that is often referred to as a clownish breed. He loves attention from his owners and loves being center of attention. He does well with children that are kind to him. He may be stand offish with new people but once he knows they are okay, he desires their attention as well.   The Swedish Vallhund is energetic, fearless, intelligent, alert, watchful, friendly, active, and well mannered. He does tend to be a barker, but that is what makes him a great watchdog. He is great as a herding or companion dog.
Swedish Vallhund Appearance
The Swedish Vallhund stands at 12½ inches to 13½ inches for males and 11½ inches to 12½ inches for females. For both male and female, they should weigh between 20 and 35 pounds proportionately.   The coat is medium length, which has a harsh topcoat that is close and tight with a soft and dense undercoat. The hair on the head and foreparts of the legs is rather short, while the hair on the neck, chest and back parts of the back legs is longer. The color of the coat is a sable pattern in colors of gray through red with a variety of combinations. The lighter shades are acceptable and often desired on the belly, chest, lower legs, feet, hocks, and buttocks with darker hair on the back, neck, and sides of the body.

The head of the Swedish Vallhund is long that forms a wedge from the skull all the way to the tip of his nose. The eyes, oval shaped and of medium size, which are dark brown with black eye rims. The ears should point and prick which are set at the outer edge of the skull. The hair should be smooth on the ears.   He or she has a long strong muscular neck with a level topline. The chest will have good depth while the underline is a bit tucked up. The back should be well muscled with a short and strong loin. The tail will be long, stub, or bob and can be docked if desired. However, all tails are acceptable.

Swedish Vallhund Grooming

The Swedish Vallhund will do quite well living in an apartment; however, he will need sufficient exercise. They are active little dogs but will need to be taken on a short walk every day.   This breed will need to be groomed however; it is pretty easy to do. You should comb or brush their hair with a firm bristle brush, but only give them a bath when they are really dirty.   For them to get along well with others especially other dogs, they will need a bit of training. Males do have a tendency to be a bit aggressive with other male’s dogs of any breed.

Health Problems and Life Expectancy

This is basically a healthy breed. These are the dog illness and medical problems this breed is prone to that have been listed by various veterinarians at different times. Life expectancy – 12-15 years.

Hip dysplasia – Hind end limping, back leg acts lame. Wear and time causes the femur to fit poorly into the pelvic socket with improper rotation causing great pain, lameness, arthritis and difficulty walking. You may notice the dog “hopping”” like a rabbit when running plus hesitating to climb stairs, all due to pain in the hind quarters. The problem actually starts as a very young puppy with an abnormal formation of the hip joint and grows progressively. A vet can locate this with a diagnostics test.

Retinal dysplasia—Caused by trauma, hereditary or damage from an infection.. Abnormal development of the retina with folds in the outer layers.. The folds are small and may not bother the dog, however, larger obstructions can lead to blindness. Retinal dysplasia is a congenital problem that does not necessarily worsen with age.

Patellar luxation—Limping, Hind Leg Held Up, Can’t straighten back leg. Caused by an unusually shallow spot on the femur, weak ligaments and misalignment of tendons and muscles that align the knee joint and allow the knee cap (patella) to float sideways in and out of position. This can be caused by injury or be present at birth and can affect both rear legs. It’s most common in small and toy dogs. If your Swedish Vallhund has trouble straightening the leg, is limping, lame, or is walking on three legs and holding one hind leg up, look for patellar luxation. Several of my dogs have had the problem and all I’ve done is reach down, massage the knee a little until they drop their leg, and we’re good to go for another 3 or 4 months. Severe cases require surgery for a fully lame leg.

Hypothyroidism—An underactive thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone which reduces the dog’s metabolism level. Hypothyroidism stems from the dog’s immune system attacking the tissues of the thyroid gland. Bottom line is the dog becomes symptomatic. The cause can be a predisposition for thyroid problems, air pollution and allergies. A FEW symptoms of the disorder include lethargy, weight gain, skin infections, dry skin, hair loss, slow heart rate, ear infections, depression. See your set right away.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) –  An inherited, untreatable disease of the retina affecting both eyes causing blindness. It’s in the genes of the dog and is not painful. Starts with night blindness and progresses as the retina gradually deteriorates.

Cataracts—Hazy or cloudy vision and can l;lead to total blindness if not treated early.

Swedish Vallhund History

The Swedish Vallhund comes to us from Sweden of course and is one of the oldest Spitz breeds known today. During the time of the Vikings the Swedish Vallhund, may have been known as the Vikingarnas Dog. Historians have stated that the Swedish Vallhund was brought to Wales during the 8th or 9th century or it was the Corgi that was taken to Sweden. There are quite a few similarities between the Swedish Vallhund and the Corgi. As you can tell, even historians are not very clear on the exact date or whereabouts of the origin of the Swedish Vallhund. However, these dogs were used for various chores around the farm or home including herding, killing vermin, and of course watch dogging.

What is known as true fact is that the breed was near extinction in 1942 until Bjorn von Rosen and K.G. Kettrsten worked together to save the breed. They searched to find a few of the breed and began their work. The male was Mopsen and three females Vivi, Lessi, and Topsy. From these dogs, the breeding began and from five of the offspring came all Swedish Vallhund’s we have today.  The first Swedish Vallhund arrived in England in 1974, then to the United States in 1984. The Swedish Vallhund Club of America was found in 1987 by Mrs. Marilyn Thell of Jonricker Kennels, Connecticut, which at the time was called the Swedish Vallhund Enthusiasts of America. Finally, in 1994, the name was changed to the Swedish Vallhund Club of America.

Today, the Swedish Vallhund is still a rare breed but those that have one in their home enjoy taking them along when hiking, riding trails, driving, and vacations. The breed is more common in Sweden, Britain, Finland, Norway, and Australia. The Swedish Vallhund is just now becoming more noticed in the United States from the recent recognition of the United Kennel Club, The Canadian Kennel Club, and the American Rare Breed Association.

Styrian Coarse-haired Hound

AKA – Peintinger Bracke, Steirische Rauhhaarbracke, Steirische Rauhhaarige Hochgebirgsbracke, Wirehair Styrian Mountain
Size – small to medium
Ease of training –  medium
Grooming – brush
Shedding – low, once a year
Exercise needed –  vigorous
Energy level – high
Protection –hunting dog
Good with children – This breed is generally good with older children and tolerates other dogs especially if they were raised in the same household.

Health clearances – This breed would prefer to be an outdoor dog. The all-weather coat protects the dog from cold or hot weather.

Styrian Coarse-haired Hound Temperament

The Styrian Coarsehaired Hound is wary of strangers. This breed is generally good with older children and tolerates other dogs especially if they were raised in the same household. This dog is known to manifest a dominant behavior. Because of a high prey drive, this breed is not safe with other smaller pets as it has the tendency to chase small animals. Socialization and obedience training is very necessary. However, because of its typical hound stubbornness and independent nature, the Styrian Coarse Haired Hound can be quite difficult to train. This breed though forms a strong bond with the hunter in the family. As such, this affectionate dog will show the master its eagerness to please. Consistent training conducted by the person considered as the master of the dog will turn the dog into a wonderful home companion with a well balanced temperament. A well socialized and well trained dog will show gentleness and tolerance to the children.

It must be remembered that this breed is first and foremost a hunter and as such it would have high exercise requirements. These dogs are usually kept by Austrian hunters but because the dog bonds well with the master and noted to be affectionate some are kept as house companions. This breed would thrive in a home with a large yard. The rough coat is resistant to harsh weather and allows the dog to stay outdoors. Housebound dogs must be given regular opportunities to exercise. A Styrian Coarsehaired Hound that is not sufficiently exercised or one that does not have a task to do turns into a hard to handle and destructive dog.

Styrian Coarse-haired Hound Appearance
The Styrian Coarse Haired Hound is a breed of hound that is highly valued by hunters in Austria. This is a medium sized breed, a male dog measures 18 to 20 inches and a female’s height is from 17 to 19 inches. Average weight is 40 lbs. This dog though is strong and hardy. With its elastic ground covering movements, its strongly muscled body and its muscular and well angulated limbs, the dog can easily trail its quarry even on the difficult mountainous terrain of its country of origin. The Styrian Coarsehaired Hound has a slightly rounded skull and a strong straight muzzle. This breed has a black nose. Eyes have brown irises. The dog has a serious expression but it does not have a vicious temperament. Complete set of teeth has a strong scissor bite. Ears that are covered with fine hair are not too large and lie flat. The neck is not too long but it is strong.

This breed has a straight broad back. The loin is moderately tucked up and the croup falls away obliquely. Chest is deep and broad. Medium length tail is strong at the root and well covered with hair that forms a brush with no plume on the underside. The tail is carried upwards forming a slight sickle. Tail is never curled. The rough coat of a Steirische Rauhaarbracke is not shaggy. The harsh and coarse coat has no gloss. The hair on the head is shorter than the hair on the body still a moustache is formed. The medium length wiry coat may come in varied shades of fawn and red. Some specimens may have white markings. A white blaze or a full necklace enhances the color of the coat. The chest, the legs, the feet and the tip of the tail may have white markings as well.

Styrian Coarse-haired Hound Grooming

Coarse haired dogs that are shown would need a more extensive grooming routine. The Steirischer Rauhhaarbracke is coarse haired but this dog is valued for its hunting abilities rather than for its appearance. Brushing the coat of this dog once a week would be enough to maintain its good condition. The medium length hair though would pick up burrs and dirt when the dog is hunting. It is necessary to thoroughly brush the coat after the dog is hunted not only to remove dirt but also to watch out for any external parasites that may have been picked up by the dog. Likewise, the hanging ears would need to be regularly checked and cleaned.

Health Problems and Life Expectancy

12 years

Styrian Coarse-haired Hound History

The Phoenician traders frequenting the Mediterranean trade routes have maintained a flourishing business and have gained a foothold in the Mediterranean trade during the ancient times. These great traders were famous for their luxury goods. Moreover, these ancient people have played a major role in the development of European breeds of dogs. Middle Eastern hounds were carried by these traders in their ships and traded with the Celtic tribes. These hounds became the foundation of most European breeds. These dogs became the basis for the Austrian Hounds. One of these breeds that originated from the Phoenician hounds is the Styrian Rough Haired Mountain Hound.

Styrian Coarse Haired Hound, Hochgebirgsbracke, Peintinger Bracke all refers to the Styrian Rough Haired Mountain Hound a breed that dates back to the 18th century and originated from Austria. Austria’s mountainous land is a game rich hunting ground but it also has extreme climatic conditions. A hunting dog has to be able to endure the unforgiving climate. A dog breed with a type of harsh coat that will endure these harsh conditions is needed. But attempts to create such breed failed until a breeding program was started by Karl Peintingen. Syria, a state southeast of Austria has rough coated hounds, a cross of wirehaired hounds of Istria and schweisshund type dogs. These dogs were used as the foundation for the development of a breed that will be used to hunt in higher elevations. In 1870, Karl Peintingen has started the development of a new breed by crossing an Istrian Hound with Hela 1, his Hanoverian bitch. After the third generation of breeding, a stable new breed was created. The breed was known as Styrian Coarsehaired Hound, a name that was taken from the place where the breed was created. The new breed is at times referred to as Peintingen Hound in honor of its developer. In 1889, less than 20 years after the breed was developed, the Styrian Coarse Haired Hound was officially recognized.

Austria has three known breeds of hunting dogs that are not only noted for their hunting prowess but also highly valued for their ability to hunt in high altitudes and in rough terrain. These breeds that are known as the Grand Brackes are the Tyrolean Hound; the Austrian Black and Tan Hound and the Styrian Coarsehaired Hound. The Styrian Coarsehaired Hound is a very rare breed that is rarely seen outside Austria. This passionate hunter has an excellent sense of smell and has the capability to weather extremely hot or cold climates. The dog will forego eating, drinking and endure any discomfort when it is trailing its prey. Foxes and hare are the quarry of this breed. Because of its excellent scenting ability, the dog is also used to trail wounded game. This breed is highly prized by Austrian and Yugoslavian hunters.

Stephens Cur

AKA – Stephens Stock Cur
Size – small to medium
Ease of training –  medium
Grooming – brush
Shedding – low, once a year
Exercise needed –  vigorous
Energy level – high
Protection –hunting dog
Good with children – The dog would be a good companion of the children especially if it was brought up with the kids.
Health clearances – This breed would prefer to be an outdoor dog. The all-weather coat protects the dog from cold or hot weather.

Stephens Cur Temperament

In the case of the small Stephens Cur, the characteristics which established this breed are the smaller size and the ability to follow a cold trail while still giving voice on the trail. Other traits include the dogs ability to change the tone of the baying when the animals is treed and the hound nature which allows the dog to be hunted with and as a member of a team of dogs without scrappiness. This breed is a scent hound used for the hunting of smaller game such as coon , rabbits, squirrel and fox. The Stephens Stock was named after Hugh Stephens, who for several years was Vice President of the Mountain Cur Club and whose family had bred the little black hunting hound for over a hundred years.

Like nearly all of these scent hounds, their fist love is the thrill of the chase and they generally are not suitable as a house pet. They were bred and raised in the gentler climates of the deep south and consequently do well as outdoor dogs. Generally these types of hounds are kept within a pack situation on a family farm and they get along well as a group. They are fine with kids if they are brought up with them and accept family life within a household ONLY when they have plenty of access to the outdoors and lots of exercise. They do need training and need to have an alpha owner because they would rather hunt than anything else. They are highly intelligent and quickly learn the necessary obedience while still retaining their strong and capable hunting hound instincts.

The Stephens Cur is smaller than many of the hunting hounds. This in no way inhibits its aggressive hunting style. It is easily capable of following a cold or hot trail. It is not a silent worker, giving a good bay while on the trail and again at the tree-ing of the animal or otherwise holding the animal at bay. They are spirited and courageous and able to follow and hold larger game, although usually this is in a pack of hounds as this is a smaller hound and can not stand up alone to large animals.

Stephens Cur Appearance
Stephens Cur is a small to medium sized dog. In spite of the size, the aggressive hunting style is in no way diminished. The slightly longer than tall body, the long strong legs with great propelling power allows this hunting dog to have a fast and an unencumbered movement. This breed is highly valued for its working abilities but it cannot be denied that it has an impressive appearance as well. This breed that was primarily developed to hunt loves nothing more than to chase and to trail its prey. Renowned for its ultrasensitive scenting ability, a Stephens Cur has the remarkable ability to follow hot and cold trail. This breed loves to torment raccoons, squirrels, rabbits and foxes. This is a courageous breed; able to hold a large animal at bay but it cannot stand up alone to large game. Packs of Stephen Curs are utilized to hunt mountain lion, bears and other large game. This dog continuously gives voice while trailing. A hunter will immediately know if the dog has treed or has found a prey as the tone of the baying will change.

Stephens Cur Grooming

A Stephen Cur is one of the low maintenance breeds. Apart from the fact that the working abilities are valued rather than the appearance, the dog’s short coat would not need extensive grooming. The coat would benefit from occasional brushing but the grooming routine would be more of a bonding moment with the dog. This breed would prefer to be an outdoor dog. The all-weather coat protects the dog from cold or hot weather. Frequent bathing is not advisable as it would strip the natural oils that weatherproof the coat.

Health Problems and Life Expectancy

12-16 years

Stephens Cur History

Little Black Dogs… Little Darkies… these names refer to the breed of scenthound that was bred for over a hundred years by the Stephens family. This breed that belongs to the cur group was developed from the Mountain Cur. Hundreds of years ago, a cur refers to a dog of mixed ancestry. Generally, the term is used to describe an all purpose dog that were valued for their working abilities. Curs are believed to have descended from the dogs brought by the European settlers to the New World. Cur was once a generic term. It does not refer to a particular or specific breed. One particular type of cur though was highly valued by the pioneers. These dogs prevalent in Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee mountains were highly depended on by the early settlers to put meat on the dining table and to provide pelts that can be traded for other commodities. These dogs have guarded the family and the property from wild animals and from thieves. These all purpose dogs are the Mountain Curs. Mountain Curs are believed to be the progenitors of the Stephen Cur.

Mountain Curs have been in existence in the southeastern regions of United States for over 200 years. These dogs have been a big help to the folks in these rural areas. The World War II years have not been kind to these dogs. By 1940s, the Mountain Cur has become very rare and close to extinction. Four individuals – Hugh Stephens of Kentucky, Carl McConnel of Virginia, Woody Huntsman of Kentucky and Dewey Ledbetter of Tennessee have started programs to restore the breed. These men organized the Original Mountain Cur Breeders Association and continued the breeding of different strains of Mountain Cur. The Treeing Tennessee Brindle and the Mountain View Cur were developed from these strains. The Stephen Cur has evolved from the strain developed by Hugh Stephens. After about a hundred years, the little black dogs have attained distinct characteristics to be acknowledged as a separate breed. By 1970, the “little darkies” take on the name of its developer and became a distinct breed. On November 1, 1998, the Stephens Cur was recognized by the United Kennel Club. This tenacious hunter uses its heightened scenting ability to scent both the ground and the wind. The breed is noted for being an excellent coon hunter. Hunted in packs, this courageous dog is not intimidated by large game.

Staffordshire Bull Terrier Facts

AKA – Staffie, Stafford, Staffross, Staffy, Staff, and SBT
Size – small to medium
Ease of training –  medium
Grooming – brush and bathe as necessary
Shedding – low, once a year
Exercise needed –  vigorous
Energy level – high
Protection – good watchdog
Good with children – Yes
Health clearances – not heat tolerant, cataracts, hip dysplasia, skin allergies, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA; genetic disorder), distachiasis, Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV), mastocytoma of the stomach (mast cell tumours), and breathing problems

Staffordshire Bull Terrier Temperament

The Staffordshire Bull Terrier can be described as loyal, energetic, tenacious, stubborn, willful, intelligent, independent, friendly (towards humans), loves to play with children, mouthy (barks and chews), aggressive (mainly towards other animals), and loving.  This breed should not be confused with Pit Bulls or the American Staffordshire Terrier, even though they look similar.  The Staffordshire Bull Terriers are smaller than the American version and Pit Bulls, but they still have a large personality.  Bored dogs will become barky and chew your furniture/yard.  It’s important to socialize them at young ages to lots of people and other animals, so it will cut down on their natural aggression and protective instincts.  They enjoy complex games and lots of stimulation, but particularly playing with children and their human companions.  Staffordshire Bull Terriers are very affectionate and can be trained to tolerate the company of other pets.  Since it was a dog-fighting breed originally, this breed can have high aggression towards other animals and shouldn’t be walked off leash or left unsupervised in your yard.  They are also known for scaling fences and digging underneath them, so make sure you repair fences, build them high, and distract them with games so they don’t dig holes in your yard.  Staffordshire Bull Terriers are considered to be protective of their family’s children, so much so that they have been nicknamed the “nanny dog” in the UK.  However, their love and patience for their human family makes them ideal companions for energetic children.

Staffordshire Bull Terrier Appearance
A good Stafford is small to medium height (13-18 inches) and 24-32 lbs in weight.  They tend to be bone heavy and stocky dogs, which makes for poor swimmers.  Regardless, any Staffordshire Bull Terrier should be agile, quick, and muscular.  However, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier has a wide variety of coat coloring, which includes blue, black, white, roan, brown, black and tan, solid red, fawn, and brindle.  They may also have markings with any of the above combinations regardless of their base coat.

Staffordshire Bull Terrier Grooming

This breed has a short, smooth, and sleek coat so their grooming is generally low maintenance.  They will shed a lot once a year, generally as the weather gets hotter, but generally you don’t have to brush them on a weekly basis.  Bathe as necessary as well.

Health Problems and Life Expectancy

Staffordshire Bull Terriers are considered to be very healthy, but they do have a tendency to overheat easily (even in the shade).  It’s important that you have cool water available that they can play in on hot days to help them cool down, but remember this breed tends to be bone heavy and poor swimmers.  Children’s pools or small, shallow ponds are ideal for helping these energetic dogs cool down in the heat.  If they don’t get enough exercise, then they may take their boredom out on your furniture or favorite shoes.  There are a few common health problems that can be tested for by your vet, which include skin allergies, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA; genetic disorder), distachiasis, Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV),hereditary juvenile cataracts, and mast cell tumors (more common in older dogs).  Due to its breeding history, Staffordshire Bull Terriers are susceptible to respiratory problems and hip dysplasia.

Staffordshire Bull Terrier History

The Staffordshire Bull Terrier can be traced back to the UK in the 1800s when Mastiff-like dogs were bred with local Terriers to create all-purpose dogs.  Although many of these early breeds were used in bear and bull fighting rings, once these activities were outlawed the early ancestors of the Staffordshire Bull Terrier were used in dog fighting rings.  It is considered that miners from Staffordshire wanted smaller and more agile dogs, which resulted in the modern Staffordshire Bull Terrier.  The UKC recognized this breed in 1935 and the AKC in 1975.

It’s important to note, that since these look like Pit Bulls that they may get bad press, accused of being Pit Bulls and future ownership banned.  Many Pit Bull owners cross breed their dogs with Staffords, which allows them to keep their dogs or hide their Pit Bulls from officials by claiming them to be Staffies.  This creates bad press and can lead strangers or neighbors to sue or file complaints more readily against your dog for normal dog behaviors.  Of course for good Staffies, socialization and proper training can soothe some of these fears from your dog and your neighbor.  Educating your friends and family goes a long way to protecting this breed from unwelcome accusations.

Spinone Italiano Facts

AKA – The Italian Pointer, Spinone, Italian Griffon, Italian Wire-haired Pointer, Italian Coarse-haired Pointer
Size – Large
Ease of training –  Medium
Grooming – Low
Shedding – Low
Exercise needed –  Medium-High
Energy level –  indoors: low to medium  outdoors: medium to high
Protection –  Medium, will bark
Good with children – Yes
Health clearances – Hip Dysplasia, some bloating, Genetic disorder called Cerebellar Ataxia which is deadly.

Spinone Italiano Temperament

The Spinone Italiano is a laid back, all-purpose hunting dog.   Due to its hunting nature, this breed requires daily physical and mental exercise and stimulation.  This is not an ideal apartment dog, unless you are willing to take it on long walks, swimming, and/or running on a daily basis.  It can be very independent and easily distracted by interesting sights and scents.  Spinone Italiano can be slow to house break and requires firm training in order to avoid distractions. This breed’s coat may give it the appearance of a wise old man, but it is very sociable, loves attention, and can be a clown at times.   The Spinone enjoys the company of any age and other animals as well, but some may have a higher prey drive that will cause it to pester smaller animals (cats, birds, and squirrels).  It is important to remember that puppies are very curious and energetic, so make sure this already curious breed gets lots of exercise and stimulation (agility training and/or exercise) as puppies, or it might lead to bad habits.  Adults can be very laid back, dependable, and affectionate, as long as they get enough daily exercise.

Spinone Italiano Appearance

The Spinone Italiano comes in a variety of colors and markings, but is sociable and a reliable pointer/retriever hunting dog.  The coating ranges from solid white, solid orange (roan) to solid brown and may have roan, brown, or white markings.  Its hair is 1.5 to 2.5 inches of wiry length.  This wiry coat can also create a moustache or beard around the mouth and chin of this dog.  The Spinone has a strong-boned, well-muscled, square build that allows it to adapt to almost all terrains.  The long head and pronounced shape of the back, or base, of the skull is unique to this breed.  Its tail is usually half the length of its body, and even adults will maintain webbed paws for swimming.  The average adult male is 23-27 inches in height (up to the shoulders) and weighs in proportion to its size (ranges 75-90 lbs).  The smaller female can range from 22-25 inches in height with a proportional weight as well that ranges from 60-75 lbs.

Spinone Italiano Grooming

The wiry hair of this dog doesn’t need much grooming.  In general, hand grooming (easily removing tufts by hand) and a weekly brushing should keep their coat in excellent condition.  If you over-groom this dog it will result in a long and silky coat, which doesn’t protect the dog as well from the cold and wet.  It is considered to have a coat similar to a shaggy god and may attract leaves, mud and debris on its coat, which can be tracked inside your home.  Be sure you check your dog for unwanted debris after outdoor exercising to avoid some of this mess.  The moustache or beard may also result in the dripping of water, drool, and possibly food after it has eaten.  Trim and bathe this breed as needed.  Remember that this is a hunting breed, which makes is curious, energetic, happy, and loyal, but also prone to getting dirty.

Spinone Italiano Health Problems and Life Expectancy

There is little information on general health problems for this breed, but it is known to have a hip dysplasia and can have a genetic disorder called Cerebellar ataxia.  There is a test in the UK for Cerebellar ataxia and most puppies do not survive their first year if they have this condition.  The Spinone tends to live from 8-12 years on average.

Spinone Italiano History

The Spinone Italiano has a rather unknown ancestry, but the heritage of this breed does come from two or more European gun dog breeds.  Many countries claim this breed descended from their favorite pointer or hunter dog, from Russia to France to Greece.  It is from Italy, possibly the Piedmont area, and is not common in the US.  The Northwest Piedmont region of Italy is known for developing this breed into the all purpose hunting breed we know and love.  During World War II, this breed almost went extinct partially due to the war and partially due to an introduction of other hunter dogs to the area.  In 1950, the American Kennel club officially recognized this breed so it is possible to enter it into competition.  Regardless of how this breed came about, the Spinone Italiano is an excellent hunting dog, laid back, energetic companion, and sociable with adults, children and dogs alike.

The Sporting Lucas Terrier Facts

AKA – SLT
Size – small
Ease of training – medium
Grooming – brushing once a week, bathe as needed
Shedding –  low
Exercise needed – moderate
Energy level -  medium
Protection –  medium, will bark
Good with children – Yes
Health clearances – no known breed specific disorders, but check with the breeder about parental health lineage.

Sporting Lucas Terrier Temperament

This small dog seems to have a big personality and is filled with enthusiasm.  It is a great working dog and enjoys hunting or working as a pack.  Individuals are very sociable with their Human family and especially bond quickly with children.  They prefer chasing off vermin, including foxes, rabbits, minks, rats, and other small vermin.  The Sporting Lucas Terrier is independent, confident, gentle, patient, and other general terrier traits, yet more stable.  Being a pack hunter, this breed does well with other dogs, but can be wary of strangers.  These dogs can appear laid back with their family, as long as they have firm training and an appropriate amount of exercise.  It’s important to remember that this breed was intended to go to ground, which means they love going down holes to chase vermin or investigate.  If you do have holes where you’ll be exercising them, then keep the dog on a long leash or remove the collar so it won’t cause choking if they do get stuck in a hole.  Of course with proper training your Sporting Lucas Terrier should be able to recognize a signal or call to stop hunting or moving.

Sporting Lucas Terrier Appearance

The Sporting Lucas Terrier is about a foot tall up to the shoulders.  Males range from 11 to 13 inches in height with their weight in proportion (roughly 14-18 lbs).  Females range from 10 to 12 inches in height with their weight in proportion as well (roughly 11 to 15 lbs).  This breed also comes in a variety of coat colors with white or brown as the standard base color.  Markings may be white, brown, black, gray, grizzle or no markings at all.  These dogs appear to be low to the ground and sturdy in appearance, without being barrel-chested or heavy-boned.  Their body shape is described as oblong since their bodies tend to be longer than their legs.  Their tails are generally docked (cut off) as puppies.  If your puppy doesn’t have a docked tail, then request the owner to have their vet dock it or make an appointment with your trusted vet.  The docking of the tail is considered to prevent health problems dealing with the back and spine and should be done in puppies that are a few weeks old.  Of course this breed is only registered with the United Kingdom Kennel Club, so if you don’t want a dock tail puppy it won’t affect the show ring outside the UK.

Sporting Lucas Terrier Grooming

These small canines have two coats.  Their undercoat is short, thick and dense to keep it warm, but the outer coat is about 1.5 inches in length.  This outer coat tends to be straight, stiff, and lies close to the body to prevent the dog from getting scratches from undergrowth while hunting.  Please remember that since this is a small dog, that it will track in some debris from the ground and it might be a good idea to remove this after walking or exercising when returning to the house.  Otherwise a weekly brushing will keep the Sporting Lucas Terrier coat in excellent condition, along with bathing as needed.
Health Problems and Life Expectancy

Considering the young age of this breed, there are no known breed specific health problems.  It would be wise to consult with your breeder about the parents and lineage health issues before purchasing one.  It also wouldn’t be surprising to find that some of the Sporting Lucas Terriers had health problems in common with other terrier.  Common terrier health problems consist of retinal dysplasia, lens luxation, and the occasional deafness.  A simple eye and hearing exam would notify you of these issues in young pups, but these are common problems in many different adult breeds as they reach old age.  Sporting Lucas Terriers have an average terrier lifespan than can range from 10 to 20 years depending on general health, exercise, genetics, and proper feeding.

Sporting Lucas Terrier History

The Sporting Lucas Terrier is an offshoot of the Lucas Terrier breed in a sense.  They are both named for Sir Jocelyn Lucas who began breeding Sealyham Terriers with Norfolk terriers to reduce their size around 1940-1950 to produce Lucas Terriers.  Apparently, Brian Plummer, from Scotland, decided to create a more working breed Terrier by take 2 Lucas Terriers, numerous Plummer Terriers and a mix of Fell Terriers in the 1980s-1990s.  The United Kingdom Kennel Club recognized this breed in March of 2002, and is currently the only national kennel club that allows this dog to compete.  If you wish to buy a puppy of this breed, make sure you check out breeders online and in person, as well as understand that you may have to order a pup in advance.  This advance ordering doesn’t guarantee that you’ll end up with a puppy that has the coloring you prefer, so make color and sex preferences clear before advance ordering.

Saint Bernard Facts

AKA – Alpine Mastiff, Bernhardiner, St. Bernard, St. Bernhardshund
Size – Large
Ease of training – low as long as they are trained well as puppies
Grooming – should be brushed once a week and bathing as needed with mild soap
Shedding – there can be heavy shedding depending upon the coat type or it can be limited to twice a year.
Exercise needed - low
Energy level - medium
Protection – good watch dogs but too friendly to be good guard dogs
Good with children –  Yes
Health clearances – Hip Dysplasia, Bone cancer, bloating, seizures, joint diseases, and heart problems are possible health concerns.

Saint Bernard Temperament

The Saint Bernard is well known for its laid back, easy going, and friendly temperament.  Regardless of the fact that it is known for searching in snow storms for lost travelers, it is also a good work dog.  It thrives when given a purpose like obstacle training, agility training, cart pulling, or pack carrying.  Saint Bernards should be socialized at early ages with dogs, children, and strangers so they don’t become shy or aggressive in later stages of life.  The Saint Bernard also requires a significant amount of space and attention or they may become bored and destructive.  Young Bernards can be quite energetic and need enough exercise, without overheating, to keep it calm indoors.  However, adult Saint Bernards can be quite calm and relaxed with minimum daily walking or a vigorous play session.  Caution children when playing with adult Bernards because they can inadvertently throw their weight around causing harm to smaller sized children.  Remember that this is a cold weather breed and that you don’t let them overheat or over exhaust themselves during indoor and outdoor exercising.  Some Saint Bernards are very strong willed and independent, but with consistent training you can teach them to listen and respect you.

Saint Bernard Appearance

The Saint Bernard is a large dog, regardless of sex.  The females tend to be a bit smaller than the males on average, but generally both sexes range in size from 25-28 inches in height and 100-200 lbs in weight.  Due to their large size, make sure you have plenty of indoor and outdoor space for them to play and rest in.  Not to mention you might want to move fragile objects out of reach of their wagging tails.  Saint Bernard coloring can also range from a white base with a variety of colored markings (brindled, red, brown, and tan).  For show breeds dark eyes and black lips, roof of the mouth, and a solid black nose are considered desirable.  However, this breed can have light brown eyes, blue eyes, as well as light colored markings on the skin around their face and mouth.  It is also not uncommon for albinos, all white with no markings, or a darker base coat with no white dogs to be born within this breed.  This doesn’t indicate poor health, but means you will be unable to show or breed this animal as your business.

Saint Bernard Grooming

These dogs can have short or long coats, but both shed a lot.  They require daily brushing and frequent vacuuming to battle the amount of excess hair.  Or course, as the weather gets warmer Saint Bernards will shed in larger amounts since they were bred for colder weather.  Think of shedding as nature’s air conditioning, since getting rid of some hair keeps the Saint Bernard cool and calm.  Another consideration when owning a Saint Bernard is to beware the drool factor.  They drool when they are drinking, when they are eating, and sometimes they drool when they are resting.  This is breed is also known for snoring, which may deter some people (along with the drooling) from owning this lovable and loyal dog.

Saint Bernard Health Problems and Life Expectancy

Large breeds tend to have more bone, joint and hip dysplasia problems than smaller breeds and the Saint Bernard is no exception.  Unfortunately, they can also have heart problems, seizures, and bone cancer as well.  When buying your dog it is important to know its parental and lineage health problems, as well as have disclosed any current health issues before paying.  Saint Bernards tend to live on average for 8 years.  However, they love attention, being with people and especially being with family.  Sometimes they attempt to be overlarge lap dogs and will definitely sit on your feet.

Saint Bernard History

Monks that made a hospice along the Saint Bernard Pass in the Swiss Alps are credited for developing this breed.  It has been said that this breed was originally brought along to act as guardians, but showed their true colors when locating lost travelers during snow storms and carry packs.  It’s important to remember that these dogs weren’t let out to wander the Alps on their own but helped guide their Monk to anyone in need, even under 20 feet of snow.  The Saint Bernard was also used to keep warm by the Monks when inside.  At this time, which is argued to be between the 1500s and 1700s, these dogs weren’t known as Saint Bernards.  In the 1800s, the Saint Bernard breed was almost lost to distemper and deaths in snow storms.  In order to combat inbreeding and genetic disorders, the Monks introduced the Newfoundland into the breed.  It wasn’t until the late 1800s or early 1900s that breeding outside of the monastery and records were kept.  All modern Saint Bernards can be traced back to Henry Schumacher, who was responsible for tracking and popularizing this breed outside of the Swiss Alps.  The Saint Bernard is registered in numerous countries since the late 1800s in case you’re interested in breeding or showing your pet.

St. John’s Water Dog Facts – Extinct

AKA – St. John’s Dog, Water Spaniels, Water Dog, Lesser Newfoundland
Size – medium
St. John’s Water Dog Appearance and Temperament

St. John’s Water Dog was black with white markings on chest, chin, feet, and muzzles (tuxedo markings) in color.  These were considered to be sturdy, hard working, intelligent, and muscular dogs with a high endurance for work.  Their hair was short and thick.  They were naturals at swimming and their tails were considered to be like a rudder when watching them swim.  Due to extinction, little is known about their temperament, even though common characteristics between retriever breeds may be attributed to St. John’s Water Dog it’s not a clear description of this breed’s characteristics.

St. John’s Water Dog History

These dogs helped fisherman in Newfoundland to haul nets, retrieve items, and general worker dogs.  It is native to Newfoundland and probably incorporates a mix of worker or gun dog breeds.  However, little is known about the breeds it descends from.  This breed is the “father” to many modern retriever breeds and the modern Newfoundland dog.  In order to encourage sheep-raising, Newfoundland began taxing owners that were using St. John’s dogs for other uses and placed strict restrictions on ownership.  This coupled with long quarantine periods on dogs sent to other countries discouraged owning and breeding the St. John’s Water dog.  In the 1980s, the last pair of water dogs was photographed, but had no females to breed with in order to save the line.  The white patterns seen in Golden, Labrador, Chesapeake Bay, and Flat Coated retrievers are credited to their St. John’s Water Dog heritage.